As used in this act:

    (a) "Public employer" means a county, township, village, city, authority, school district, or other political subdivision of this state and includes any entity jointly created by 2 or more public employers.

    (b) "School district" means a school district, local act school district, or intermediate school district as those terms are defined in the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1 to 380.1852, or a public school academy established under the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380.1 to 380.1852.

    (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a public employer shall not require, by collective bargaining agreement or otherwise, that a person reside within a specified geographic area or within a specified distance or travel time from his or her place of employment as a condition of employment or promotion by the public employer.

    (2) Subsection (1) does not prohibit a public employer from requiring, by collective bargaining agreement or otherwise, that a person reside within a specified distance from the nearest boundary of the public employer. However, the specified distance shall be 20 miles or another specified distance greater than 20 miles.

    (3) A requirement described in subsection (2) does not apply to a person if the person is married and both of the following conditions are met:

    (a) The person's spouse is employed by another public employer.

    (b) The person's spouse is subject to a condition of employment or promotion that, if not for this section, would require him or her to reside a distance of less than 20 miles from the nearest boundary of the public employer.

    (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if the person is a volunteer or paid on-call firefighter, an elected official, or an unpaid appointed official.

     This act applies only to employment contracts entered into, renewed, or renegotiated after the effective date of this act, in accordance with the prohibition against impairment of contracts provided by section 10 of article I of the state constitution of 1963.