HB-5282, As Passed Senate, May 1, 2008
SENATE SUBSTITUTE FOR
HOUSE BILL NO. 5282
A bill to amend 1956 PA 218, entitled
"The insurance code of 1956,"
by amending sections 2213b, 3406f, 3503, 3519, 3521, 3525, and 3539
(MCL 500.2213b, 500.3406f, 500.3503, 500.3519, 500.3521, 500.3525,
and 500.3539), section 2213b as amended by 1998 PA 457, section
3406f as added by 1996 PA 517, section 3503 as amended by 2006 PA
366, sections 3519 and 3539 as amended by 2005 PA 306, and sections
3521 and 3525 as added by 2000 PA 252, and by adding chapter 37A.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT:
Sec.
2213b. (1) Except as provided in this section, an insurer
that
delivers, issues for delivery, or renews in this state an
expense-incurred
hospital, medical, or surgical individual policy
under
chapter 34 shall renew or continue in force the policy at the
option
of the individual.
(1) (2)
Except as provided in this section and section 3711,
an insurer that delivers, issues for delivery, or renews in this
state an expense-incurred hospital, medical, or surgical group
policy or certificate under chapter 36 shall renew or continue in
force the policy or certificate at the option of the sponsor of the
plan.
(2) (3)
Guaranteed renewal is not required
in cases of fraud,
intentional misrepresentation of material fact, lack of payment, if
the insurer no longer offers that particular type of coverage in
the market, or if the individual or group moves outside the service
area.
(3) (4)
Subsections (1) , and (2) ,
and (3) do not apply to a
short-term or 1-time limited duration policy or certificate of no
longer than 6 months.
(4) (5)
For the purposes of this section
and section 3406f, a
short-term or 1-time limited duration policy or certificate of no
longer than 6 months is an individual health policy that meets all
of the following:
(a) Is issued to provide coverage for a period of 185 days or
less, except that the health policy may permit a limited extension
of benefits after the date the policy ended solely for expenses
attributable to a condition for which a covered person incurred
expenses during the term of the policy.
(b) Is nonrenewable, provided that the health insurer may
provide coverage for 1 or more subsequent periods that satisfy
subdivision (a), if the total of the periods of coverage do not
exceed a total of 185 days out of any 365-day period, plus any
additional days permitted by the policy for a condition for which a
covered person incurred expenses during the term of the policy.
(c) Does not cover any preexisting conditions.
(d) Is available with an immediate effective date, without
underwriting, upon receipt by the insurer of a completed
application indicating eligibility under the health insurer's
eligibility requirements, except that coverage that includes
optional benefits may be offered on a basis that does not meet this
requirement.
(5) (6)
An insurer that delivers, issues
for delivery, or
renews in this state a short-term or 1-time limited duration policy
or
certificate of no longer than 6 months shall provide the
following
to the commissioner:
(a)
By no later than February 1, 1999, a written report that
discloses
both of the following:
(i) The gross written premium for short-term or 1-time
limited
duration
policies or certificates of no longer than 6 months issued
in
this state during the 1996 calendar year.
(ii) The gross written premium for all individual
expense-
incurred
hospital, medical, or surgical policies or certificates
issued
or delivered in this state during the 1996 calendar year
other
than policies or certificates described in subparagraph (i).
(b)
By by no later than March 31, 1999
and annually
thereafter, a written annual report that discloses both of the
following:
(a) (i) The
gross written premium for short-term or 1-time
limited duration policies or certificates issued in this state
during the preceding calendar year.
(b) (ii) The
gross written premium for all individual expense-
incurred hospital, medical, or surgical policies or certificates
issued or delivered in this state during the preceding calendar
year
other than policies or certificates described in subparagraph
(i) subdivision
(a).
(6) (7)
The commissioner shall maintain
copies of reports
prepared
pursuant to subsection (6) (5)
on file with the annual
statement of each reporting insurer. The commissioner shall
annually
compile the reports received under subsection (6) (5).
The
commissioner shall provide this annual compilation to the senate
and house of representatives standing committees on insurance
issues
no later than the June 1 immediately following the February
1
or March 31 date for which the
reports under subsection (6) (5)
are provided.
(7) (8)
In each calendar year, a health
insurer shall not
continue to issue short-term or 1-time limited duration policies or
certificates if to do so the collective gross written premiums on
those policies or certificates would total more than 10% of the
collective gross written premiums for all individual expense-
incurred hospital, medical, or surgical policies or certificates
issued or delivered in this state either directly by that insurer
or through a corporation that owns or is owned by that insurer.
Sec. 3406f. (1) An insurer may exclude or limit coverage for a
condition
as follows:
(a)
For an individual covered under an individual policy or
certificate
or any other policy or certificate not covered under
subdivision
(b) or (c), only if the exclusion or limitation relates
to
a condition for which medical advice, diagnosis, care, or
treatment
was recommended or received within 6 months before
enrollment
and the exclusion or limitation does not extend for more
than
12 months after the effective date of the policy or
certificate.
(b)
For an individual covered under a group policy or
certificate
covering 2 to 50 individuals, only if the exclusion or
limitation
relates to a condition for which medical advice,
diagnosis,
care, or treatment was recommended or received within 6
months
before enrollment and the exclusion or limitation does not
extend
for more than 12 months after the effective date of the
policy
or certificate.
(c)
For for an individual covered under a group policy or
certificate covering more than 50 individuals, only if the
exclusion or limitation relates to a condition for which medical
advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment was recommended or received
within 6 months before enrollment and the exclusion or limitation
does not extend for more than 6 months after the effective date of
the policy or certificate.
(2) As used in this section, "group" means a group health plan
as
defined in section 2791(a)(1) and (2) of part C of title XXVII
of
the public health service act, chapter 373, 110 Stat. 1972, 42
U.S.C.
300gg-91 42 USC 300gg-91, and includes government plans that
are not federal government plans.
(3) This section applies only to an insurer that delivers,
issues for delivery, or renews in this state an expense-incurred
hospital, medical, or surgical policy or certificate. This section
does not apply to any policy or certificate that provides coverage
for specific diseases or accidents only, or to any hospital
indemnity, medicare supplement, long-term care, disability income,
or 1-time limited duration policy or certificate of no longer than
6 months.
(4)
The commissioner and the director of community health
shall
examine the issue of crediting prior continuous health care
coverage
to reduce the period of time imposed by preexisting
condition
limitations or exclusions under subsection (1)(a), (b),
and
(c) and shall report to the governor and the senate and the
house
of representatives standing committees on insurance and
health
policy issues by May 15, 1997. The report shall include the
commissioner's
and director's findings and shall propose
alternative
mechanisms or a combination of mechanisms to credit
prior
continuous health care coverage towards the period of time
imposed
by a preexisting condition limitation or exclusion. The
report
shall address at a minimum all of the following:
(a)
Cost of crediting prior continuous health care coverages.
(b)
Period of lapse or break in coverage, if any, permitted in
a
prior health care coverage.
(c)
Types and scope of prior health care coverages that are
permitted
to be credited.
(d)
Any exceptions or exclusions to crediting prior health
care
coverage.
(e)
Uniform method of certifying periods of prior creditable
coverage.
Sec. 3503. (1) All of the provisions of this act that apply to
a domestic insurer authorized to issue an expense-incurred
hospital, medical, or surgical policy or certificate, including,
but
not limited to, sections 223 and 7925 and chapters 34, and
36,
and 37A apply to a health maintenance organization under this
chapter unless specifically excluded, or otherwise specifically
provided for in this chapter.
(2) Sections 408, 410, 411, 901, and 5208, chapter 77, and,
except as otherwise provided in subsection (1), chapter 79 do not
apply to a health maintenance organization.
Sec. 3519. (1) A health maintenance organization contract and
the contract's rates, including any deductibles, copayments, and
coinsurances, between the organization and its subscribers shall be
fair, sound, and reasonable in relation to the services provided,
and the procedures for offering and terminating contracts shall not
be unfairly discriminatory.
(2) A health maintenance organization contract and the
contract's rates shall not discriminate on the basis of race,
color, creed, national origin, residence within the approved
service area of the health maintenance organization, lawful
occupation, sex, handicap, or marital status, except that marital
status may be used to classify individuals or risks for the purpose
of insuring family units. The commissioner may approve a rate
differential based on sex, age, residence, disability, marital
status, or lawful occupation, if the differential is supported by
sound actuarial principles, a reasonable classification system, and
is related to the actual and credible loss statistics or reasonably
anticipated experience for new coverages. A healthy lifestyle
program as defined in section 3517(2) is not subject to the
commissioner's approval under this subsection and is not required
to be supported by sound actuarial principles, a reasonable
classification system, or be related to actual and credible loss
statistics or reasonably anticipated experience for new coverages.
(3) All health maintenance organization contracts shall
include, at a minimum, basic health services.
(4) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to the extent that
they conflict with chapter 37A.
Sec. 3521. (1) The methodology used to determine prepayment
rates by category rates charged by the health maintenance
organization and any changes to either the methodology or the rates
shall be filed with and approved by the commissioner before
becoming effective.
(2) A health maintenance organization shall submit supporting
data used in the development of a prepayment rate or rating
methodology and all other data sufficient to establish the
financial soundness of the prepayment plan or rating methodology.
(3) The commissioner may annually require a schedule of rates
for all subscriber contracts and riders. All submissions shall note
changes of rates previously filed or approved.
(4) This section does not apply to the extent that it
conflicts with chapter 37A.
Sec. 3525. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2),
if a health maintenance organization desires to change a contract
it offers to enrollees or desires to change a rate charged, a copy
of the proposed revised contract or rate shall be filed with the
commissioner and shall not take effect until 60 days after the
filing, unless the commissioner approves the change in writing
before the expiration of 60 days after the filing. If the
commissioner considers that the proposed revised contract or rate
is illegal or unreasonable in relation to the services provided,
the commissioner, not more than 60 days after the proposed revised
contract or rate is filed, shall notify the organization in
writing, specifying the reasons for disapproval or for approval
with modifications. For an approval with modifications, the notice
shall specify what modifications in the filing are required for
approval, the reasons for the modifications, and that the filing
becomes effective after the modifications are made and approved by
the commissioner. The commissioner shall schedule a hearing not
more than 30 days after receipt of a written request from the
health maintenance organization, and the revised contract or rate
shall not take effect until approved by the commissioner after the
hearing. Within 30 days after the hearing, the commissioner shall
notify the organization in writing of the disposition of the
proposed revised contract or rate, together with the commissioner's
findings of fact and conclusions.
(2) If the revised contract or rate is the result of
collective bargaining and affects only the members of the groups
engaged in the collective bargaining, subsection (1) does not apply
but the revised contract or rate shall be immediately filed with
the commissioner.
(3) Not less than 30 days before the effective date of a
proposed change in a health maintenance contract or the rate
charged, the health maintenance organization shall issue to each
subscriber or group of subscribers who will be affected by the
proposed change a clear written statement stating the extent and
nature of the proposed change. If the commissioner has approved a
proposed change in a contract or rate in writing before the
expiration of 60 days after the date of filing, the organization
immediately shall notify each subscriber or group of subscribers
who will be affected by the proposed change.
(4) This section does not apply to the extent that it
conflicts with chapter 37A.
Sec.
3539. (1) For an individual covered under a nongroup
contract
or under a contract not covered under subsection (2), a
health
maintenance organization may exclude or limit coverage for a
condition
only if the exclusion or limitation relates to a
condition
for which medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment
was
recommended or received within 6 months before enrollment and
the
exclusion or limitation does not extend for more than 6 months
after
the effective date of the health maintenance contract.
(1) (2)
A health maintenance organization
shall not exclude or
limit coverage for a preexisting condition for an individual
covered under a group contract.
(3)
Except as provided in subsection (5), a health maintenance
organization
that has issued a nongroup contract shall renew or
continue
in force the contract at the option of the individual.
(2) (4)
Except as provided in subsection (5)
(3) and section
3711, a health maintenance organization that has issued a group
contract shall renew or continue in force the contract at the
option of the sponsor of the plan.
(3) (5)
Guaranteed renewal is not required
in cases of fraud,
intentional misrepresentation of material fact, lack of payment, if
the health maintenance organization no longer offers that
particular type of coverage in the market, or if the individual or
group moves outside the service area.
(4) (6)
A health maintenance organization
is not required to
continue a healthy lifestyle program or to continue any incentive
associated with a healthy lifestyle program, including, but not
limited to, goods, vouchers, or equipment.
(5) (7)
As used in this section,
"group" means a group of 2 or
more subscribers.
CHAPTER 37A
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH COVERAGE PLANS
Sec. 3751. As used in this chapter:
(a) "Carrier" means a person that provides a health benefit
plan to an individual in this state. For the purposes of this
chapter, carrier includes a health insurance company authorized to
do business in this state, a nonprofit health care corporation, a
health maintenance organization, or any other person providing a
plan of health benefits, coverage, or insurance subject to state
insurance regulation. Carrier does not include a health maintenance
organization that provides only medicaid coverage.
(b) "Geographic area" means an area in this state that
includes not less than 4 entire counties, established by a carrier
under this chapter and used for adjusting premium for an individual
health benefit plan subject to this chapter. Each county in the
geographic area must be contiguous with at least 1 other county in
that geographic area.
(c) "Health benefit plan" or "plan" means an individual
expense-incurred hospital, medical, or surgical policy, nonprofit
health care corporation certificate, or health maintenance
organization contract and includes a health benefit plan sold
directly to an individual under a group trust or certificate.
Health benefit plan does not include accident-only, credit, or
disability income insurance; long-term care insurance; medicare
supplemental coverage; coverage issued as a supplement to liability
insurance; coverage only for a specified disease or illness;
dental-only or vision-only insurance; worker's compensation or
similar insurance; automobile medical-payment insurance; medicaid
coverage; or medicare, medicare advantage, or medicare part D.
(d) "Medicaid" means a program for medical assistance
established under title XIX of the social security act, 42 USC 1396
to 1396v.
(e) "Medicare" means the federal medicare program established
under title XVIII of the social security act, 42 USC 1395 to
1395hhh.
(f) "Nonprofit health care corporation" means a nonprofit
health care corporation operating pursuant to the nonprofit health
care corporation reform act, 1980 PA 350, MCL 550.1101 to 550.1704.
(g) "Premium" means all money paid by an individual as a
condition of receiving coverage from a carrier.
(h) "Rating period" means the calendar period for which
premiums established by a carrier are assumed to be in effect, as
determined by the carrier.
(i) "Short-term or 1-time limited duration benefit plan of no
longer than 6 months" means an individual health benefit plan that
meets all of the following:
(i) Is issued to provide coverage for a period of 185 days or
less, except that the health benefit plan may permit a limited
extension of benefits after the date the plan ended solely for
expenses attributable to a condition for which a covered person
incurred expenses during the term of the plan.
(ii) Is nonrenewable, provided that the carrier may provide
coverage for 1 or more subsequent periods that satisfy subparagraph
(i), if the total of the periods of coverage do not exceed a total
of 185 days out of any 365-day period, plus any additional days
permitted by the plan for a condition for which a covered person
incurred expenses during the term of the plan.
(iii) Does not cover any preexisting conditions.
(iv) Is available with an immediate effective date, without
underwriting, upon receipt by the carrier of a completed
application indicating eligibility under the carrier's eligibility
requirements, except that coverage that includes optional benefits
may be offered on a basis that does not meet this requirement.
Sec. 3753. This chapter applies to any individual health
benefit plan that is subject to policy form or premium approval by
the commissioner.
Sec. 3763. (1) As used in this section, "loss ratio" means the
ratio at the time of the rate filing, or at a time of subsequent
rate revisions, of the expected future benefits during the rating
period based on a credible premium volume over a reasonable period
of time with proper weight given to trends and other relevant
factors. Statistical data relating to expected future benefits
shall be provided to the commissioner upon request from carriers
for health benefit plans sold or to be sold in this state when
available.
(2) Rates for a health benefit plan shall be filed as
otherwise required by law except that the filing shall include a
written loss ratio guarantee, which for a carrier that is not a
health maintenance organization or nonprofit health care
corporation shall equal or exceed 60%.
(3) No later than 4 months after the end of a 12-month rating
period, a carrier shall submit information to the commissioner, and
a nonprofit health care corporation shall also submit information
to the attorney general, that shows the actual loss ratio for the
rating period for all health benefit plans, including plans that
have been or will be closed to new applicants.
(4) If the actual loss ratio for all health benefit plans in a
line of business does not equal or exceed the written loss ratio
guarantee filed under subsection (2), the commissioner shall order
the carrier to issue rate credits or refunds to individuals
currently in a health benefit plan in that line of business in an
amount that will result in a minimum loss ratio for the rating
period equal to the applicable written loss ratio guarantee for the
line of business. A carrier shall not be ordered to issue a refund
in an amount that is less than $25.00 per individual applicant. The
rate credits or refunds shall be issued no later than 90 days after
the commissioner's order to issue rate credits or refunds. The
claims experience of any line of business not determined to be
credible shall be combined with other similar individual lines of
business for purposes of determining loss ratios.
(5) For a health benefit plan issued by a nonprofit health
care corporation, the attorney general may bring an action or apply
to the circuit court for a court order to enforce an order
requiring rate credits under this section.
Sec. 3765. In addition to what is otherwise permitted or
required by law, for adjusting premiums for health benefit plans
subject to this chapter, a carrier may establish up to 5 geographic
areas in this state and a carrier that is a nonprofit health care
corporation shall establish geographic areas so that all counties
in this state are covered. A carrier shall not establish geographic
areas for any medicare supplement plan.
Sec. 3766. (1) If a carrier refuses coverage for an
individual, the carrier shall provide the individual with a written
notice of rejection, the reasons for the rejection, and of the
availability of coverage from a health maintenance organization
during an open enrollment period pursuant to section 3537 and from
a nonprofit health care corporation.
(2) A nonprofit health care corporation shall not refuse
coverage to an individual except as otherwise permitted under
section 401 of the nonprofit health care corporation reform act,
1980 PA 350, MCL 550.1401. A health maintenance organization shall
not refuse coverage to an individual during the health maintenance
organization's open enrollment period except as otherwise permitted
under chapter 35.
Sec. 3767. (1) A carrier may exclude or limit coverage under a
health benefit plan for a condition only if the exclusion or
limitation relates to a condition for which medical advice,
diagnosis, care, or treatment was recommended or received within 6
months before enrollment and the exclusion or limitation does not
extend for more than 6 months after the effective date of the
policy.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), a carrier shall not
exclude or limit coverage for a preexisting condition or provide a
waiting period if all of the following apply:
(a) The individual's most recent health care coverage prior to
applying for coverage with the carrier was under a group health
plan.
(b) The person was continuously covered prior to the
application for coverage with the carrier under 1 or more health
plans for an aggregate of at least 18 months with no break in
coverage that exceeded 62 days.
(c) The person is no longer eligible for group coverage and is
not eligible for medicare or medicaid.
(d) The person did not lose eligibility for coverage for
failure to pay any required contribution or for an act to defraud
any carrier.
(e) If the person was eligible for continuation of health
coverage from that group health plan pursuant to the consolidated
omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1985, Public Law 99-272, he or
she has elected and exhausted the coverage.
(3) As used in this section, "group health plan" means a group
health benefit plan that covers 2 or more insureds, subscribers,
members, enrollees, or employees.
Sec. 3768. Notwithstanding any other provision of this act, a
health benefit plan shall not be rescinded, canceled, or limited
due to the plan's failure to complete medical underwriting and
resolve all reasonable questions arising from the written
information submitted on or with an application before issuing the
plan's contract. This section does not limit a health benefit
plan's remedies upon a showing of intentional misrepresentation of
material fact.
Sec. 3769. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a
carrier that has issued a health benefit plan shall renew or
continue in force the plan at the option of the individual at a
premium rate that does not take into account the claims experience
or any change in the health status of any covered person that
occurred after the initial issuance of the health benefit plan.
(2) A guaranteed renewal under subsection (1) is not required
in cases of nonpayment of premiums, fraud, intentional
misrepresentation of material fact, if the carrier no longer offers
that plan, if the carrier no longer offers coverage in the
individual market, or if the individual moves outside the carrier's
service area.
(3) A carrier shall not discontinue offering a particular plan
in the individual market unless the carrier does all of the
following:
(a) Provides notice to each covered individual provided
coverage under the plan of the discontinuation at least 90 days
prior to the date of the discontinuation.
(b) Offers to each individual in the individual market
provided this plan the option to purchase any other plan currently
being offered in the individual market.
(c) Acts uniformly without regard to any health status factor
of enrolled individuals or individuals who may become eligible for
coverage in making the determination to discontinue coverage and in
offering other plans.
(d) Makes no adjustment in the health status factor applied to
individuals moving from a discontinued plan of that carrier to
another plan of that carrier.
(4) A carrier shall not discontinue offering all coverage in
the individual market unless the carrier does all of the following:
(a) Provides notice to the commissioner and to each individual
of the discontinuation at least 180 days prior to the date of the
expiration of coverage.
(b) Discontinues all health benefit plans issued in the
individual market and does not renew coverage under such plans.
(5) If a carrier discontinues coverage under subsection (4),
the carrier shall not provide for the issuance of any health
benefit plans in the individual market during the 5-year period
beginning on the date of the discontinuation of the last plan not
so renewed.
(6) Subsections (1) through (5) do not apply to a short-term
or 1-time limited duration benefit plan of no longer than 6 months.
Sec. 3771. (1) A carrier shall not, directly or indirectly,
engage in any of the following:
(a) Encouraging or directing an individual to refrain from
filing an application for a health benefit plan with the carrier
because of the health status or claims experience of the
individual.
(b) Encouraging or directing an individual to seek coverage
from another carrier because of the health status or claims
experience of the individual except as otherwise provided in
section 3766.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (3), a carrier shall not,
directly or indirectly, enter into any contract, agreement, or
arrangement with a producer that provides for or results in the
compensation paid to a producer for the sale of a health benefit
plan to be varied because of the health status or claims experience
of the individual.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a compensation
arrangement that provides compensation to a producer on the basis
of percentage of premium, provided that the percentage does not
vary because of the health status or claims experience of the
individual.
(4) A carrier shall not terminate, fail to renew, or limit its
contract or agreement of representation with a producer for any
reason related to the health status or claims experience of the
individual placed by the producer with the carrier.
Sec. 3781. (1) By not later than October 1, 2009, the
commissioner shall make a determination as to whether a reasonable
degree of competition in the health benefit plan market exists on a
statewide basis and shall conduct a feasibility study and provide
recommendations concerning the establishment of a health coverage
risk pool for high-risk individuals. In making this determination,
the commissioner shall seek advice and input from appropriate
independent sources and may retain qualified accounting and
actuarial consultants.
(2) The commissioner shall issue a report delineating specific
classifications and kinds or types of insurance, if any, where
competition does not exist and any suggested statutory or other
changes necessary to increase or encourage competition. Report
findings shall not be based on any single measure of competition,
but appropriate weight shall be given to all measures of
competition. The report shall be based on relevant economic tests,
including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(a) The extent to which any carrier controls all or a portion
of the health benefit plan market.
(b) Whether the total number of carriers writing health
benefit plan coverage in this state is sufficient to provide
multiple options to individuals.
(c) The disparity among health benefit plan rates and
classifications to the extent that those classifications result in
rate differentials.
(d) The availability of health benefit plan coverage to
individuals in all geographic areas.
(e) The overall rate level that is not excessive, inadequate,
or unfairly discriminatory.
(f) Any other factors the commissioner considers relevant.
(3) The commissioner shall also report on all of the
following:
(a) The impact that the creation of a high-risk pool will have
on the individual health coverage market and on the small and large
health coverage markets and on premiums paid by insureds,
enrollees, and subscribers.
(b) The number of individuals and dependents the high-risk
pool could reasonably cover at various premium levels, along with
cost estimates for such coverage.
(c) An analysis of various sources of funding and a
recommendation as to the best source of funding for the future
anticipated deficits of the high-risk pool.
(d) Cost-containment measures and risk-reduction practices,
along with opportunities for delivery of cost-effective health care
services through the high-risk pool.
(4) The reports required under subsections (2) and (3) shall
be forwarded to the governor, the clerk of the house, the secretary
of the senate, and all the members of the senate and house of
representatives standing committees on insurance and health issues.
Enacting section 1. This amendatory act takes effect October
1, 2008.
Enacting section 2. This amendatory act does not take effect
unless House Bill No. 5283 of the 94th Legislature is enacted into
law.